JEWISH KING JESUS IS COMING AT THE RAPTURE FOR US IN THE CLOUDS-DON'T MISS IT FOR THE WORLD.THE BIBLE TAKEN LITERALLY- WHEN THE PLAIN SENSE MAKES GOOD SENSE-SEEK NO OTHER SENSE-LEST YOU END UP IN NONSENSE.GET SAVED NOW- CALL ON JESUS TODAY.THE ONLY SAVIOR OF THE WHOLE EARTH - NO OTHER. 1 COR 15:23-JESUS THE FIRST FRUITS-CHRISTIANS RAPTURED TO JESUS-FIRST FRUITS OF THE SPIRIT-23 But every man in his own order: Christ the firstfruits; afterward they that are Christ’s at his coming.ROMANS 8:23 And not only they, but ourselves also, which have the firstfruits of the Spirit, even we ourselves groan within ourselves, waiting for the adoption, to wit, the redemption of our body.(THE PRE-TRIB RAPTURE)
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BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE
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Mobile EEG Application-Brain-Computer Interface
An effective Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) leverages the separate strengths of both human and machine to create new capabilities or leaps in efficiencies. With B-Alert BCI development tools, developers are provided rapid prototyping tools to fit the right approach with the right task.Within clinical environments, the results are recovery of lost function and accelerated healing. In other applications, BCIs facilitate more efficient interactions between man and machine.BCIs with the potential to transition to broader markets will benefit from the scalability of B-Alert’s core technology – as highlighted in the media examples below. For more examples and suggestions to guide your ideas, Inquire here to explore the possibilities further.
The Future of War: Far-out Battle Tech
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As a subcontractor to HRL Laboratories, LLC for the Cognitive Technology Threat Warning System (CT2WS) project, Advanced Brain Monitoring is proud to have developed the mobile, comfortable, and lightweight (less than 3oz) 24-channel neural interface sensor headset that is integrated into a software/human-in-the-loop soldier-portable visual threat detection device. This is one of several ongoing DARPA-funded projects where ABM is applying proven expertise in neurotechnology design and implementation in products that will help define the future of healthcare, training and defense technologies.
NBC News highlights EEG-Based Metrics in Deadly Force Training
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Maintaining pose and composure during decision making in high-stress law enforcement situations is critical to the well-being of our service men and everyday citizens. Here, NBC News profiles recently validated findings about the ideal psychophysiology in Deadly Force Decision Making Judgment encounters. An overview of the relevant publication can be found here, and the full version is available through Advanced Brain Monitoring upon request.
BBC horizon Profiles B-Alert-Enabled BCI Technology
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H5aC8rs3J2E#t=95
Prof. Paul Sajda (Neuromatters) and his team at Columbia University applied B-Alert X10 to elucidate the mechanisms of our brain's powerful internal code when items of interest are identified. It serves as another example of B-Alert bridging the gap between neuroscience labs and real-world needs.
EU plans database of visa applicants' biometrics-12 January, 2005
The EU Commission plans to store biometric data taken from visa applicants in the planned Visa Information System (VIS). This was decided as part of a proposed regulation, which was already due in late 2004, but was delayed until 7 January 2005. The delay seems to be due to technical problems with stacking multiple RFIDs on documents. The upcoming Luxembourg Presidency of the Council wrote a note on these technical difficulties on 22 December 2004.The note mentions in particular collision problems arising when several RFID tags would be included in one passport. As a possible solution concerning visas, the note proposes to store the biometric data only in the VIS and not on an RFID sticker, and says a majority of EU member states delegations seems to be in favour of this second solution. Concerning residence permits, the Luxembourg Presidency proposes to issue separate cards, with the biometric data on an RFID chip, as is currently planned also for EU citizens' travel documents. This solution is, however, opposed by Germany, where residence permits are already being issued in the form of stickers.According to current planning, the VIS is foreseen only for visa and asylum applications, not for residence permits. It will be closely linked to the Schengen Information System (SIS), which already holds a vast amount of data on would-be immigrants denied access to the EU.EU Reporter: EU's Big Brother Strikes Again! (10.1.2005)-http://ift.tt/1F4FVuK -Statewatch: EU: Biometric visa policy unworkable (05.1.2005)-http://ift.tt/1KrR3rM -Council of the European Union: Technical feasibility of the integration of biometric identifiers into the uniform format for visa and residence permits for third country nationals, passports and other travel documents issued by Member States, Document Nr. 14534/04 (11.11.2004)-http://ift.tt/1F4FVuM -Luxembourg Presidency of the EU Council: Integration of biometric identifiers into the uniform format for visa stickers and residence permits for third country nationals, Document Nr. 16257/04 (22.12.2004)-http://ift.tt/1KrR3rO -European Commission: Proposed Visa Information System (VIS) enhances security and facilitates travelling in EU (07.01.2005)-http://ift.tt/1F4FUXB -(Contribution by Andreas Dietl, EDRI EU Affairs Director)
Government Technology to Read Your Thoughts and Implant New Ones-By hassam
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HAVE you ever thought about something you never shared with anyone, and have been horror-struck at the mere thought of someone coming to know about your little secret? If you have, then you probably have all the more reason to be paranoid now thanks to new and improved security systems being developed around the world to deal with terrorism that inadvertently end up impinging on one's privacy.Some of the countries involved in such programmes include USA, UK, Spain, Germany and France. Recently, the National Security Agency (NSA) of the US has developed a very efficient method of controlling the human brain. This technology is called Remote Neural Monitoring (RNM) and is expected to revolutionise crime detection and investigation.hand-on-brain-What is it?-RNM works remotely to control the brain in order to read and detect any criminal thought taking place inside the mind of a possible perpetrator. Research studies have shown that the human brain thinks at a rate of about 5000 bits per second and does not have the capacity to compete with supercomputers performing via satellites, implants and biotelemetry. The human brain has a distinctive set of bioelectric resonance system. For the RNM system, supercomputers are being used and, thus, with its help, supercomputers can send messages through an implanted person's nervous system in order to influence their performance in a desired way.RNM has been developed after about 50 years of neuro-electromagnetic involuntary human experimentations. According to many scientists, within a few years it is expected that DNA microchips will be implanted in the human brain which would make it inherently controllable. With RNM, it will be possible to read and control a person's emotional thought processes along with the subconscious and dreams. At present, around the world, supercomputers are monitoring millions of people simultaneously with the speed of 20 billion bits per second especially in countries like USA, Japan, Israel and many European countries.RNM has a set of certain programs functioning at different levels, like the signals intelligence system which uses electromagnetic frequencies (EMF), to stimulate the brain for RNM and the electronic brain link (EBL). The EMF Brain Stimulation system has been designed as radiation intelligence which means receiving information from inadvertently originated electromagnetic waves in the environment. However, it is not related to radioactivity or nuclear detonation. The recording machines in the signals intelligence system have electronic equipment that investigate electrical activity in humans from a distance. This computer-generated brain mapping can constantly monitor all electrical activities in the brain. The recording aid system decodes individual brain maps for security purposes.What does it do?-For purposes of electronic evaluation, electrical activity in the speech centre of the brain can be translated in to the subject's verbal thoughts. RNM can send encoded signals to the auditory cortex of the brain directly bypassing the ear. This encoding helps in detecting audio communication. It can also perform electrical mapping of the brain's activity from the visual centre of the brain, which it does by bypassing the eyes and optic nerves, thus projecting images from the subject's brain onto a video monitor. With this visual and audio memory, both can be visualised and analysed. This system can, remotely and non-invasively, detect information by digitally decoding the evoked potentials in 30-50Hz, 5 millwatt electromagnetic emissions from the brain. The nerves produce a shifting electrical pattern with a shifting magnetic flux which then puts on a constant amount of electromagnetic waves. There are spikes and patterns which are called evoked potentials in the electromagnetic emission from the brain. The interesting part about this is that the entire exercise is carried out without any physical contact with the subject.The EMF emissions from the brain can be decoded into current thoughts, images and sounds in the subject's brain. It sends complicated codes and electromagnetic pulse signals to activate evoked potentials inside the brain, thus generating sounds and visual images in the neural circuits. With its speech, auditory and visual communication systems, RNM allows for a complete audio-visual brain to brain link or a brain-to-computer link.Of course, the mechanism needs to decode the resonance frequency of each specific site to modulate the insertion of information in that specific location of the brain. RNM can also detect hearing via electromagnetic microwaves, and it also features the transmission of specific commands into the subconscious, producing visual disturbances, visual hallucinations and injection of words and numbers in to the brain through electromagnetic radiation waves. Also, it manipulates emotions and thoughts and reads thoughts remotely, causes pain to any nerve of the body, allows for remote manipulation of behaviour, controls sleep patterns through which control over communication is made easy. This can be used for crime investigation and security management.-Concerns-With all the given benefits of RNM for tracking the illicit and treacherous activities, there are many concerns and risks being pointed out by human rights activists and other scientists. The agencies of human rights around the world have criticised RNM as a violation of basic human rights because it violates privacy and the dignity of thoughts and activities of life. Several countries have protested against it and refer to it as an attack on their human and civil rights. The scientists protesting against the use of RNM believe that people who have been implanted involuntarily become biological robots and guinea pigs for RNM activities in the guise of security. This is an important biological concern related to microchip implantation, which is a hidden technology using microwave radiations for the control of the mind.Scientists believe that like leukemia and the cancerous risks posed by mobile phones which also emit microwaves, RNM can also pose similar threats to a subject's overall health as the heating effect of tissues with the speed of light is a known effect of high powered microwave and electromagnetic pulse weapons.Thus, RNM remains a controversial technology which is being used in many countries for security maintenance and surveillance.
The Era Of Widespread Biometric Indentification And Microchip Implants Is Here-By Michael Snyder, on September 9th, 2014-ECONOMIC COLLAPSE
Identification Biometric - Public DomainAre you ready to have your veins scanned every time you use your bank account? Are you ready to use a “digital tattoo” or a microchip implant to unlock your telephone? Once upon a time we read about such technologies in science fiction novels, but now they are here. The era of widespread biometric identification and microchip implants is upon us, and it is going to change the way that we live. Proponents of these new technologies say that they will make our private information and our bank accounts much more secure. But there are others that warn that these kinds of “Big Brother technologies” will set the stage for even more government intrusion into our lives. In the wrong hands, such technologies could prove to be an absolute nightmare.Barclays has just announced that it is going to become the first major bank in the western world to use vein scanning technology to control access to bank accounts. There will even be a biometric reader that customers plug into their computers at home…Barclays is launching a vein scanner for customers as it steps up use of biometric recognition technology to combat banking fraud.The bank has teamed up with Japanese technology firm Hitachi to develop a biometric reader that scans a customer’s finger to access accounts, instead of using a password or PIN.The biometric reader, which plugs into a customer’s computer at home, uses infrared lights to scan blood flow in a person’s finger. The user must then scan the same finger a second time to confirm a transaction. Each “vein profile” will be stored on a SIM card inside the device.Vein recognition technology is used by some banks in Japan and elsewhere at ATM machines, but Barclays said it is the first bank globally to use it for significant account transactions.But Barclays is not the only one that is making a big move into biometric identification.Online retailing behemoth Alibaba is going to start using fingerprint scanning in an attempt to make their transactions more secure…Alibaba, the giant Chinese online retailer, is integrating fingerprint scanning into its Alipay Wallet app. Foxconn, the Taiwanese manufacturer of the iPhone and iPad, threw nearly $5 million at Norway’s NEXT Biometrics, which develops fingerprint scanning technology, back in May. And earlier this month it took a 10% stake for $2 million in AirSig, a Taiwanese company that uses smartphones’ built-in gyroscopes to track air handwriting. The company says AirSig provides three-factor authentication: your signature, your phone, and the way you sign with a flourish in mid-air.It is only a matter of time before more banks, online retailers and major websites start using this kind of technology. We live at a time when theft on the Internet threatens to spiral out of control, and big corporations are going to be continually looking for answers.Cell phone security is another area of great concern these days. If someone can get a hold of your phone and unlock it, that person can potentially do all sorts of damage.So Motorola has developed a “digital tattoo” that will be used to ensure that only the owner of a phone is able to unlock it. The following is how Motorola described these new digital tattoos…Made of super thin, flexible materials, based on VivaLnk’s eSkinTM technology, each digital tattoo is designed to unlock your phone with just a touch of your Moto X to the tattoo, no passwords required. The nickel-sized tattoo is adhesive, lasts for five days, and is made to stay on through showering, swimming, and vigorous activities like jogging. And it’s beautiful—with a shimmering, intricate design.It’s another step in making it easier to unlock your phone on the go and keep your personal information safe. An average user takes 2.3 seconds to unlock their phone and does this about 39 times a day—a process that some people find so inconvenient that they do not lock their phones at all. Using NFC technology, digital tattoos make it faster to safely unlock your phone anywhere without having to enter a password.And below I have posted the video that Motorola shared on YouTube about these tattoos…Pretty bizarre stuff, eh?-But others are taking cell phone security to even greater extremes.For example, some people were actually implanting themselves with microchips in anticipation of the release of the iPhone 6 on September 9th… With a wave of his left hand, Ben Slater can open his front door, turn on the lights and will soon be able to start his car. Without even a touch he can link to databases containing limitless information, including personal details such as names, addresses and health records.The digital advertising director has joined a small number of Australians who have inserted microchips into their skin to be at the cutting edge of the next stage of the evolution of technology.Slater was prompted to be implanted in anticipation of the iPhone 6 release on September 9.The conjecture among pundits and fans worldwide over what chief executive Tim Cook will reveal is building.At present the iPhone cannot read microchip implants. However, Mr Slater believes the new version will have that capability. His confidence is now lodged between his thumb and forefinger.Of course this kind of thing is not new. People have been getting implanted with microchips for years. If you doubt this, just do an Internet search for “biohackers” and see what you find.But it is starting to become more mainstream, and there are already some thinkers that are quite eager to use such technology for very authoritarian purposes.For example, one prominent philosopher recently suggested that we should use implantable microchips to prevent anyone that is “deemed unworthy” from becoming a parent…Although he admits it “sounds blatantly authoritarian” and “violates just about every core value we possess in a free society,” a noted transhumanist author has said a world government body should forcibly sterilize anyone “deemed unworthy” of parenthood by using implanted microchips. Constitutional attorney and civil liberties expert John W. Whitehead, founder of The Rutherford Institute, warned LifeSiteNews earlier this year that political officials would long to use this seminal technology.In an article for Wired.com today, philosopher Zoltan Istvan wrote that the notion first crossed his mind when he heard a blonde nurse say, “with 10,000 kids dying everyday around the world from starvation, you’d think we’d put birth control in the water.”After careful thought, in an effort to “give hundreds of millions of future kids a better life, I cautiously endorse the idea of licensing parents,” Istvan wrote today.You might be tempted to think that this is crazy talk.But the truth is that this kind of technology is already being developed. In a previous article, I quoted a news article which discussed how billionaire Bill Gates is funding the development of a birth control microchip that “acts as a contraceptive for 16 years”…Helped along by one of the world’s most notable billionaires, a U.S. firm is developing a tiny implant that acts as a contraceptive for 16 years — and can be turned on or off using a remote control.The birth control microchip, funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, would hold nearly two decades worth of a hormone commonly used in contraceptives and dispense 30 micrograms a day, according to a report from the MIT Technology Review.The new birth control, which is set to begin preclinical testing next year with hopes of putting it on shelves in 2018, can be implanted in the buttocks, upper arm or abdomen.Yes, I know that a lot of the things that I have talked about in this article sound really weird.But the reality of the matter is that technology is changing at an exponential rate, and our world is going to get crazier and crazier as time goes by.Are you ready for what comes next?
Saturday, 03 May 2014-Will Microchip Implants in Humans Become Mandatory?-Written by Selwyn Duke-NEW AMERICAN
So begins an article by writer Mac Slavo about how human-implanted microchips won’t just be popular in the future.They’ll be mandatory.Moreover, if his vision of tomorrow is correct, hardly anyone will have to be dragged kicking and screaming by jack-booted storm troopers (or robots?) into that Brave New World; rather, most people will willingly be chipped as we slouch toward Oceania.In fact, the movement is already in progress. As NewsMax’s James Hirsen recently wrote:In various places all over the world, there are individuals who open doors, start cars, and control their computers with a mere gesture of their hands or arms.They are among the first wave of people who have voluntarily allowed a miniature computer chip to be placed inside of their bodies. Most are part of a group that advocates biohacking, a concept in which activists seek to enhance the human body through the use of technology. Many biohackers also identify with a broader movement known as transhumanism. Transhumanists believe that people will ultimately be able to transform themselves through the use of technology into superior beings that possess expanded capabilities. Adherents of the movement categorize such individuals as “posthuman.”In inching toward a newly defined humanity, a small radio frequency identification chip (RFID) is being injected into an individual’s hand, wrist, or arm through use of a hypodermic needle in the same manner as a routine vaccine. The implanted microchip broadcasts an identifying number or code, which can be used for a myriad of purposes.The benefits of this technology are seductive: No more having to carry — and worry about losing — numerous credit cards and other forms of identification. No more fumbling for them when performing transactions; a wave of the hand will suffice. No more showing passports when you travel or your driver’s license to a cop. And since microchipping would facilitate a cashless society, there’d be no more worries about cash loss or theft, and it could put an end to black-market drug and other illegal transactions; identity theft could be eliminated, too (though any technology could conceivably be circumvented). And as Lain Gillespie wrote in the Sydney Morning Herald, “The implants send a unique ID number that can be used to activate devices such as phones and locks, and can link to databases containing limitless information, including personal details such as names, addresses and health records.”Gillespie also mentioned cybernetics scientist Dr. Mark Gasson of the UK’s University of Reading (UR), who made history recently: After implanting a chip in himself in 2009 to control his office’s electronic gadgets, he became the world’s first human infected with a computer virus. “The virus was replicated on the swipecards of staff accessing his building and infected the university's database,” writes Gillespie.Yet Gasson remains enthusiastic about what he characterizes as an inevitable and imminent new technological normal. He says, “It has the potential to change the very essence of what it is to be human.” He believes that microchips’ acceptance will mirror that of mobile phones and that a situation will develop wherein it “will be such a disadvantage not to have the implant that it will essentially not be optional.”But it gets even stranger. As Gillespie also wrote:Last year [2013] the line between man and machine became even more blurred, when Stanford University announced its scientists had created the first purely biological transistor that was made entirely of genetic material.Stanford assistant professor of bioengineering, Dr Drew Endy, described the breakthrough as the final component needed for a biological computer that can operate within living cells and reprogram living systems.And to some degree the future is now, with biometric technology already being used in certain wide-scale applications. As writer Michael Snyder informs us, a hand-scanning payment method is being tested in southern Sweden, biometric scanners/RFID tracking devices are already used in college dining halls and some amusement parks, and the technology is even “being used in Africa to keep track of who is being vaccinated,” he writes.But how will this transition from new and novel idea to mandatory mark of the beast? There is precedent for acceptance of such intrusion; after all, your cellphone has an RFID chip and can be used to track your every movement, and its camera can be remotely activated by authorities. And we all have Social Security numbers. But the move toward mandatory status will begin like this, writes Mac Slavo:First, the technologies will need to be generally accepted by society. It’ll start with real-time consumer based products like Google Glass. The older generations may reject it, but in a couple of years you can bet that tens of millions of kids, teens and younger adults will be roaming the streets while sporting cool shades, interactive web surfing and the capability to record everything around them and upload it to the internet instantly.Remember that young people especially like the feeling of being “with it,” on the cutting edge, and don’t want to have outdated technology any more than out-of-style clothes; they will leap to be chipped just as they snatch up the latest smart phone. And not only will the technology be convenient, but it will lend an illusion of power. With just a wave of your hand doors will open for you — literally and figuratively.“Eventually, once the concept is generally accepted by the majority, it will become our new ‘social security number,’” writes Slavo.You’ll thus need a chip to avail yourself of government services and, sooner or later, to make a purchase (again, society would no doubt become cashless).At that point circumstances may compel a person to accept an implant even if the government doesn’t. And the implications of this are grave, say many critics. For instance, University of Wollongong professor Katina Michael warns, reports Gillespie:“RFID microchips are essentially a unique ID embedded in your body, and, as we know, numbers can be stolen and data can be hacked.... They point to an uber-surveillance society that is big brother on the inside looking out. Governments or large corporations would have the ability to track people's actions and movements ... and ultimately even control them.”Also note that with the government developing the capacity to predict an individual’s behavior with computer algorithms and with science starting to create technology that can decode thoughts and intentions (mind-reading), the future looks, well, quite revelatory.So will a day come where we dare think only doubleplusgood thoughts? Will 1984 and Brave New World transition from fiction to news? Whatever the case, we can without hesitation now say something about the old Chinese curse, “May you live in interesting times”:We certainly do.
Microchips in humans inevitable: Alberta-Imagine a world where you're taken unconscious and with no identification to a hospital. The doctor scans the microchip implanted in your shoulder, downloads your medical identification number and links up with a secure network that says you're a diabetic and allergic to Tylenol.By CanWest News Service June 10, 2006
EDMONTON -- Imagine a world where you're taken unconscious and with no identification to a hospital. The doctor scans the microchip implanted in your shoulder, downloads your medical identification number and links up with a secure network that says you're a diabetic and allergic to Tylenol.Sounds ideal.In a world where more than 230 physicians in the United States have bought microchips for implantation in patients, and where a club owner in Spain offers to implant VIP chips into posh people so they don't need to carry credit cards or identification, the ethics of human microchip technology needs to be debated in Canada, says a University of Ottawa professor."This is all happening relatively quickly," said Ian Kerr, an expert in ethics, law and technology who spoke Friday at the Access and Privacy Conference in Edmonton. "I don't think we're that far off."Canada hasn't given its approval to microchips that can be implanted into humans for medical purposes. But since 2004, people in the U.S. can have $100 to $200 radio frequency microchips inserted under their skin. The rice-sized implant releases a patient-specific code when it is scanned. With that code, an authorized health-care professional can then link up to a network to find information on the patient's medications or prior treatments, similar to what might be available on Alberta's electronic health record system.In the U.S., 97 health-care facilities and 230 physicians have jumped aboard. Harvard Medical School's chief information officer had one implanted in his body. Mexico's attorney general did the same thing so that he could access secure areas in his office.For Alzheimer's patients who get lost, the technology could be particularly useful. Kerr said putting such a chip on equipment in a hospital say, a rare mobile cardiac machine also could help doctors find the machines quickly in an emergency.But already, people have been able to clone the chips. While that doesn't give them complete medical information, issues of privacy and security must be raised, Kerr said.VeriChip, the company that makes the technology, has opened offices in Vancouver and Ottawa.Wal-Mart is looking into similar technology to track inventory and microchips are already used in pets.A school near Sacramento, Calif., outraged parents when administrators made students wear identification badges outfitted with microchips. When the students walked through doors equipped with chip readers, teachers could monitor the students' whereabouts through their palm pilots."It can be in a knapsack, embedded in somebody's shoe or implanted in your shoulder," Kerr said. "It's hard to know what's around the corners with these kinds of things E Let's think a little bit about the implications before they happen because sometimes you can't put the genie back in the bottle."Kerr said it's hard to know if Canada would approve the chips for human implantation.Frank Work, Alberta's privacy commissioner, said he thinks it's inevitable."Worried or scared, you know that if there is an advantage to it, either economic or medical, someone is going to perfect it," Work said. "Someone is going to bring it to a point where it can be used in the near future."We'll do it in a well-intentioned way, wanting to look after people. But like with anything, as soon as you bring in the well-intentioned application, someone will figure out the evil application." jsinnemathejournal.canwest.com-Edmonton Journal-CanWest MediaWorks Publications Inc.
Human-implanted RFID chips-Posted in General Security on April 17, 2014
What's this?-Practice for certification success with the Skillset library of over 100,000 practice test questions. We analyze your responses and can determine when you are ready to sit for the test.1. Introduction-In 1945, Léon Theremin, a Russian inventor, invented one of the first covert listening devices, also known as “bugs.” The device was a predecessor of the Radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology. RFID technology can be defined as the wireless non-contact use of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields to transfer data with the aim to automatically identify and track tags attached to objects.At present, RFID technology is used in many industries. For example, identification badges containing RFID tags are used as anti-shoplifting technology. RFID tags attached to automobiles during the production process allow the auto producers to track the progress of the automobiles through the assembly line. RFID tags are placed on casino chips in order to detect counterfeit chips and mistakes of dealers. Cows and other livestock may carry injected RFID tags which allow the identification of the animals.This article describes RFID systems (Section 2). Afterwards, it discusses the application of human-implanted RFID chips (Section 3) as well as the security concerns related to such chips (Section 4). Next, the pros and cons of human-implanted RFID chips are examined (Section 5). Finally, a conclusion is drawn (Section 6). 2. RFID systems-The RFID systems consist of two parts, namely, transponder and detector. The transponder transfers data to the detector. The detector reads the data transferred by the transponder and/or modify the data in the transponder.The transponder is located on the object to be identified. Depending on the design of the technology, the detector can be either read or write device. The transponder normally does not have its own battery. Therefore, if the transponder is not within the response range of a detector, the transponder is passive. The energy required for the activation of the transponder comes from the detector.The size of the transponder can be the same as the size of a grain of rice. Human-implanted transponders are injected by using hypodermic injection apparatus. Despite its small size, the transponder can contain information, including, but not limited to, information about health, identity, nationality, and psychological characteristics of the person concerned 3. The application of human-implanted RFID chips-On 31st of July 1997, the United States Patent and Trademark Office granted to four inventors a patent for “Personal tracking and recovery system.” An excerpt of the abstract of the patent reads as follows.“Apparatus for tracking and recovering humans utilizes an implantable transceiver incorporating a power supply and actuation system allowing the unit to remain implanted and functional for years without maintenance.”The patented device can be used as a safeguard against kidnapping and to facilitate prompt medical dispatch in the event of heart attack or similar medical emergency. The patent was an indicator for the approaching application of human-implanted RFID chips.On 24th of August 1998, Professor Kevin Warwick became the first human being to be implanted with an RFID chip. The transponder implanted into the hands, allowed Professor Warwick to interact with “intelligent” buildings. For example, by using the transponder, he was able to open doors that previously required smart card access. He was also able to turn on lights simply by entering into the room. Professor Warwick carried the implanted device for nine days. He stated that in future experiments, the implants needs to be placed “nearer to the brain – into the spinal cord or onto the optic nerve, where there is a more powerful setup for transmitting and receiving specific complex sensory signals.”In 2002, Wired Magazine stated that Nancy Nisbet, a Canadian artist, implemented RFID chips into her hands. Ms. Nisbet purchased the chips from a veterinary clinic. The chips were normally used to identify livestock and pets. Nancy modified her computer mouse to incorporate a scanner to pick up the signals emitted by the transponder. Thus, she was able to monitor her Internet use. Nancy stated in relation to her implant, “It’s a way of connecting physical and virtual space and tracking my relationship with my computer.”In 2004, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of VeriChip, a human-implantable microchip. VeriChip was normally implanted between the shoulder and elbow area of an individual’s right arm. When scanned by a detector, VeriChip sends to the detector a unique 16-digit number. The number can be linked to information about a user stored in a database. The information in the database may include, for example, identity information and medical records. The insertion of the device is done by a physician who uses local anesthetic. The manufacture of VeriChip was stopped in 2010.It should be noted that the FDA discussed the potential risks to health associated with VeriChip. In a document published in 2004, the FDA stated as follows.“The potential risks to health associated with the device are: adverse tissue reaction; migration of implanted transponder; compromised information security; failure of implanted transponder; failure of inserter; failure of electronic scanner; electromagnetic interference; electrical hazards; magnetic resonance imaging incompatibility; and needle stick.”In 2004, the owner of a nightclub in Barcelona, Conrad Chase, started offering implanted chips in his nightclub. By using the implanted chips, the customers were able to pay for drinks. Simon Morton, BBC Science producer, implanted the transponder offered by the nightclub. In relation to the pain of the insertion, Mr. Morton said, “Having the chip inserted was a breeze, no real pain to report of.” 4. Security concerns related to the use of human-implanted RFID chips-There are two main security concerns related to the use of RFID chips, namely, the infection with computer viruses (Section 4.1) and cloning (Section 4.2). These two security concerns are examined in more detail below. 4.1 Infection with computer viruses-If infected by computer viruses, implanted RFID transponders may affect the detectors who receive information from the infected transponders. In this regard, it is worth mentioning an experiment conducted by Dr. Mark Gasson, a senior research fellow at University of Reading.Dr. Gasson inserted a RFID chip under the skin between his thumb and first finger. Then, he intentionally infected the implanted chip with a computer virus. When he used the transponder to gain access to secure building, the virus was transferred and corrupted the computer system of the secure building. Then, any other device trying to access the computer system of the secure building was potentially at risk of being infected with the virus.It should be noted that transponders could be easily infected with computer viruses by detectors containing such viruses. For example, in one of his experiments, Dr. Gasson infected with a virus a computer system securing building access using smart card or RFID devices. Subsequently, the computer system was able to transfer the virus to transponders. 4.2 Cloning of RFID chips-In 2006, Jonathan Westhues published an article in which he explained how he cloned a VeriChip. In particular, Mr. Westhues used a hand-held device using batteries to clone the information stored on a VeriChip transponder. The device needs to be put close to the person with the implanted transponder. The cloning process lasts a couple of seconds.Mr. Westhues stated that VeriChip is built with no attempt at security, and, therefore, is not very difficult to clone. Mr. Westhues further pointed out that the biggest security feature of VeriChip is the very short read range of the detector, which is restricted by the tiny antenna. The risk of cloning is very low as long as the user of VeriChip stays at least a foot away from unsecured person or objects. 5. The pros and cons of human-implanted RFID chips-The supporters of human-implanted RFID chips believe that such chips will allow the governments to locate fugitives, witnesses of crimes, and missing persons. The authorities of Indonesia’s province Irian Jaya even discussed the use of implanted RFID chips for the monitoring of persons infected with HIV. Such a monitoring will allow the authorities to act in case that some of the monitored people conducts activities that may lead to infection of other people. Probably because the existing human-implanted RFID chips do not allow GPS tracking, the authorities of Irian Jaya did not adopt legal provisions concerning the use of RFID chips. However, in the future GPS implants can be created. The appearance of such implants may renew the discussions concerning tracking of HIV-infected people.The opponents of human-implanted RFID chips argue that such chips are associated with security risks, cause health problems, contradict to religious doctrines, and may be forcefully implemented in employees. The security risks of such devices have been already discussed in this article. In relation to health problems, the aforementioned paragraph from a document of FDA clearly indicates the risks for the health caused by RFID chips. Moreover, the opponents state that the use of human-implanted RFID chips may lead to cancer. These allegations are based on scientific studies carried out from 1996 to 2006. The studies found that lab mice and rats injected with microchips sometimes developed cancerous tumors around the microchips.In relation to the religious doctrines, many Christians believe that the implantation of chips may be fulfillment of the prophecy of the mark of the beast mentioned in the Book of Revelation of the New Testament. The Book of Revelation states that the devil will force “all people, great and small, rich and poor, free and slave, to receive a mark on their right hands or on their foreheads, so that they could not buy or sell unless they had the mark, which is the name of the beast or the number of its name.” It is also worth mentioning that, according to the Islam, body modifications constitute “haram,” an Arabic term meaning “forbidden.” This is because such modifications involve changing the body, a creation of Allah.Pertaining to the forceful implantation of RFID chips, it should be pointed out that, in June 2004, a former attorney general in Mexico required eighteen employees to implement chips allowing them to access a sensitive records room. In order to prevent employers from requiring their employees to implement RFID chips, several U.S. States adopted laws prohibiting forced microchip implants in humans. These states include Wisconsin, North Dakota, California, Georgia, and Virginia. 6. Conclusion-The convergence of various scientific fields, such as artificial intelligence, biotechnology, cognitive science, information technology, and robotics will probably increase the application of human-implanted microchips, including RFID chips. The new human-implanted microchips will provide people with opportunities for new business and social interactions. However, they will introduce challenging legal, security, medical, ethical, and religious questions. In order to avoid unexpected surprises, individuals wishing to implant RFID chips need to evaluate carefully the various implications of such chips.
References
Albrecht, K., “The Spychips Threat: Why Christians Should Resist RFID and Electronic Surveillance“, Thomas Nelson Inc., 2006.
“Barcelona clubbers get chipped”, BBC News, 29 September 2004. Available on http://ift.tt/1vxAB2N .
Gasson, M., Kosta, E., Bowman, D., “Human ICT Implants: Technical, Legal and Ethical Considerations“, Springer, 16 June 2012.
Jones, E. and Chung, C., “RFID in Logistics: A Practical Introduction“, CRC Press, 2007.
Kassner, M., “The convergence of biological and computer viruses”, TechRepublic, 8 November 2012.
Kitsos, P., Zhang, Y., “RFID Security: Techniques, Protocols and System-On-Chip Design“, Springer, 2008.
Kumar, V., “Implantable RFID Chips: Security versus Ethics”, in: The Future of Identity in the Information Society: Proceedings of the Third IFIP WG 9.2, 9.6/11.6, 11.7/FIDIS International Summer School on the Future of Identity in the Information Society, Karlstad University, Sweden, August 4-10, 2007.
Masters, A., and Michael, K., “Humancentric applications of RFID implants: the usability contexts of control, convenience and care”, University of Wollongong, 2005.
Michael, M. and Michael, K., “Uberveillance and the Social Implications of Microchip Implants: Emerging Technologies“, IGI Global, 2014.
Rengel, A., “Privacy in the 21st Century,” Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 4th October 2013.
Pitt, J., “This Pervasive Day: The Potential and Perils of Pervasive Computing“, World Scientific, 2012.
Scheeres, J., “New Body Art: Chip Implants”, Wired, 03.11.2002.
Warwick, K., “Cyborg 1.0,” Wired, Issue 8.02, February 2000. Available on http://ift.tt/1KrR6Um .
Westhues, J., “Demo: Cloning a Verichip”, Blog, 2006. Available on http://ift.tt/1F4FUXD .
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Mobile EEG Application-Brain-Computer Interface
An effective Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) leverages the separate strengths of both human and machine to create new capabilities or leaps in efficiencies. With B-Alert BCI development tools, developers are provided rapid prototyping tools to fit the right approach with the right task.Within clinical environments, the results are recovery of lost function and accelerated healing. In other applications, BCIs facilitate more efficient interactions between man and machine.BCIs with the potential to transition to broader markets will benefit from the scalability of B-Alert’s core technology – as highlighted in the media examples below. For more examples and suggestions to guide your ideas, Inquire here to explore the possibilities further.
The Future of War: Far-out Battle Tech
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As a subcontractor to HRL Laboratories, LLC for the Cognitive Technology Threat Warning System (CT2WS) project, Advanced Brain Monitoring is proud to have developed the mobile, comfortable, and lightweight (less than 3oz) 24-channel neural interface sensor headset that is integrated into a software/human-in-the-loop soldier-portable visual threat detection device. This is one of several ongoing DARPA-funded projects where ABM is applying proven expertise in neurotechnology design and implementation in products that will help define the future of healthcare, training and defense technologies.
NBC News highlights EEG-Based Metrics in Deadly Force Training
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-7wlbyO8G0
Maintaining pose and composure during decision making in high-stress law enforcement situations is critical to the well-being of our service men and everyday citizens. Here, NBC News profiles recently validated findings about the ideal psychophysiology in Deadly Force Decision Making Judgment encounters. An overview of the relevant publication can be found here, and the full version is available through Advanced Brain Monitoring upon request.
BBC horizon Profiles B-Alert-Enabled BCI Technology
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H5aC8rs3J2E#t=95
Prof. Paul Sajda (Neuromatters) and his team at Columbia University applied B-Alert X10 to elucidate the mechanisms of our brain's powerful internal code when items of interest are identified. It serves as another example of B-Alert bridging the gap between neuroscience labs and real-world needs.
EU plans database of visa applicants' biometrics-12 January, 2005
The EU Commission plans to store biometric data taken from visa applicants in the planned Visa Information System (VIS). This was decided as part of a proposed regulation, which was already due in late 2004, but was delayed until 7 January 2005. The delay seems to be due to technical problems with stacking multiple RFIDs on documents. The upcoming Luxembourg Presidency of the Council wrote a note on these technical difficulties on 22 December 2004.The note mentions in particular collision problems arising when several RFID tags would be included in one passport. As a possible solution concerning visas, the note proposes to store the biometric data only in the VIS and not on an RFID sticker, and says a majority of EU member states delegations seems to be in favour of this second solution. Concerning residence permits, the Luxembourg Presidency proposes to issue separate cards, with the biometric data on an RFID chip, as is currently planned also for EU citizens' travel documents. This solution is, however, opposed by Germany, where residence permits are already being issued in the form of stickers.According to current planning, the VIS is foreseen only for visa and asylum applications, not for residence permits. It will be closely linked to the Schengen Information System (SIS), which already holds a vast amount of data on would-be immigrants denied access to the EU.EU Reporter: EU's Big Brother Strikes Again! (10.1.2005)-http://ift.tt/1F4FVuK -Statewatch: EU: Biometric visa policy unworkable (05.1.2005)-http://ift.tt/1KrR3rM -Council of the European Union: Technical feasibility of the integration of biometric identifiers into the uniform format for visa and residence permits for third country nationals, passports and other travel documents issued by Member States, Document Nr. 14534/04 (11.11.2004)-http://ift.tt/1F4FVuM -Luxembourg Presidency of the EU Council: Integration of biometric identifiers into the uniform format for visa stickers and residence permits for third country nationals, Document Nr. 16257/04 (22.12.2004)-http://ift.tt/1KrR3rO -European Commission: Proposed Visa Information System (VIS) enhances security and facilitates travelling in EU (07.01.2005)-http://ift.tt/1F4FUXB -(Contribution by Andreas Dietl, EDRI EU Affairs Director)
Government Technology to Read Your Thoughts and Implant New Ones-By hassam
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HAVE you ever thought about something you never shared with anyone, and have been horror-struck at the mere thought of someone coming to know about your little secret? If you have, then you probably have all the more reason to be paranoid now thanks to new and improved security systems being developed around the world to deal with terrorism that inadvertently end up impinging on one's privacy.Some of the countries involved in such programmes include USA, UK, Spain, Germany and France. Recently, the National Security Agency (NSA) of the US has developed a very efficient method of controlling the human brain. This technology is called Remote Neural Monitoring (RNM) and is expected to revolutionise crime detection and investigation.hand-on-brain-What is it?-RNM works remotely to control the brain in order to read and detect any criminal thought taking place inside the mind of a possible perpetrator. Research studies have shown that the human brain thinks at a rate of about 5000 bits per second and does not have the capacity to compete with supercomputers performing via satellites, implants and biotelemetry. The human brain has a distinctive set of bioelectric resonance system. For the RNM system, supercomputers are being used and, thus, with its help, supercomputers can send messages through an implanted person's nervous system in order to influence their performance in a desired way.RNM has been developed after about 50 years of neuro-electromagnetic involuntary human experimentations. According to many scientists, within a few years it is expected that DNA microchips will be implanted in the human brain which would make it inherently controllable. With RNM, it will be possible to read and control a person's emotional thought processes along with the subconscious and dreams. At present, around the world, supercomputers are monitoring millions of people simultaneously with the speed of 20 billion bits per second especially in countries like USA, Japan, Israel and many European countries.RNM has a set of certain programs functioning at different levels, like the signals intelligence system which uses electromagnetic frequencies (EMF), to stimulate the brain for RNM and the electronic brain link (EBL). The EMF Brain Stimulation system has been designed as radiation intelligence which means receiving information from inadvertently originated electromagnetic waves in the environment. However, it is not related to radioactivity or nuclear detonation. The recording machines in the signals intelligence system have electronic equipment that investigate electrical activity in humans from a distance. This computer-generated brain mapping can constantly monitor all electrical activities in the brain. The recording aid system decodes individual brain maps for security purposes.What does it do?-For purposes of electronic evaluation, electrical activity in the speech centre of the brain can be translated in to the subject's verbal thoughts. RNM can send encoded signals to the auditory cortex of the brain directly bypassing the ear. This encoding helps in detecting audio communication. It can also perform electrical mapping of the brain's activity from the visual centre of the brain, which it does by bypassing the eyes and optic nerves, thus projecting images from the subject's brain onto a video monitor. With this visual and audio memory, both can be visualised and analysed. This system can, remotely and non-invasively, detect information by digitally decoding the evoked potentials in 30-50Hz, 5 millwatt electromagnetic emissions from the brain. The nerves produce a shifting electrical pattern with a shifting magnetic flux which then puts on a constant amount of electromagnetic waves. There are spikes and patterns which are called evoked potentials in the electromagnetic emission from the brain. The interesting part about this is that the entire exercise is carried out without any physical contact with the subject.The EMF emissions from the brain can be decoded into current thoughts, images and sounds in the subject's brain. It sends complicated codes and electromagnetic pulse signals to activate evoked potentials inside the brain, thus generating sounds and visual images in the neural circuits. With its speech, auditory and visual communication systems, RNM allows for a complete audio-visual brain to brain link or a brain-to-computer link.Of course, the mechanism needs to decode the resonance frequency of each specific site to modulate the insertion of information in that specific location of the brain. RNM can also detect hearing via electromagnetic microwaves, and it also features the transmission of specific commands into the subconscious, producing visual disturbances, visual hallucinations and injection of words and numbers in to the brain through electromagnetic radiation waves. Also, it manipulates emotions and thoughts and reads thoughts remotely, causes pain to any nerve of the body, allows for remote manipulation of behaviour, controls sleep patterns through which control over communication is made easy. This can be used for crime investigation and security management.-Concerns-With all the given benefits of RNM for tracking the illicit and treacherous activities, there are many concerns and risks being pointed out by human rights activists and other scientists. The agencies of human rights around the world have criticised RNM as a violation of basic human rights because it violates privacy and the dignity of thoughts and activities of life. Several countries have protested against it and refer to it as an attack on their human and civil rights. The scientists protesting against the use of RNM believe that people who have been implanted involuntarily become biological robots and guinea pigs for RNM activities in the guise of security. This is an important biological concern related to microchip implantation, which is a hidden technology using microwave radiations for the control of the mind.Scientists believe that like leukemia and the cancerous risks posed by mobile phones which also emit microwaves, RNM can also pose similar threats to a subject's overall health as the heating effect of tissues with the speed of light is a known effect of high powered microwave and electromagnetic pulse weapons.Thus, RNM remains a controversial technology which is being used in many countries for security maintenance and surveillance.
The Era Of Widespread Biometric Indentification And Microchip Implants Is Here-By Michael Snyder, on September 9th, 2014-ECONOMIC COLLAPSE
Identification Biometric - Public DomainAre you ready to have your veins scanned every time you use your bank account? Are you ready to use a “digital tattoo” or a microchip implant to unlock your telephone? Once upon a time we read about such technologies in science fiction novels, but now they are here. The era of widespread biometric identification and microchip implants is upon us, and it is going to change the way that we live. Proponents of these new technologies say that they will make our private information and our bank accounts much more secure. But there are others that warn that these kinds of “Big Brother technologies” will set the stage for even more government intrusion into our lives. In the wrong hands, such technologies could prove to be an absolute nightmare.Barclays has just announced that it is going to become the first major bank in the western world to use vein scanning technology to control access to bank accounts. There will even be a biometric reader that customers plug into their computers at home…Barclays is launching a vein scanner for customers as it steps up use of biometric recognition technology to combat banking fraud.The bank has teamed up with Japanese technology firm Hitachi to develop a biometric reader that scans a customer’s finger to access accounts, instead of using a password or PIN.The biometric reader, which plugs into a customer’s computer at home, uses infrared lights to scan blood flow in a person’s finger. The user must then scan the same finger a second time to confirm a transaction. Each “vein profile” will be stored on a SIM card inside the device.Vein recognition technology is used by some banks in Japan and elsewhere at ATM machines, but Barclays said it is the first bank globally to use it for significant account transactions.But Barclays is not the only one that is making a big move into biometric identification.Online retailing behemoth Alibaba is going to start using fingerprint scanning in an attempt to make their transactions more secure…Alibaba, the giant Chinese online retailer, is integrating fingerprint scanning into its Alipay Wallet app. Foxconn, the Taiwanese manufacturer of the iPhone and iPad, threw nearly $5 million at Norway’s NEXT Biometrics, which develops fingerprint scanning technology, back in May. And earlier this month it took a 10% stake for $2 million in AirSig, a Taiwanese company that uses smartphones’ built-in gyroscopes to track air handwriting. The company says AirSig provides three-factor authentication: your signature, your phone, and the way you sign with a flourish in mid-air.It is only a matter of time before more banks, online retailers and major websites start using this kind of technology. We live at a time when theft on the Internet threatens to spiral out of control, and big corporations are going to be continually looking for answers.Cell phone security is another area of great concern these days. If someone can get a hold of your phone and unlock it, that person can potentially do all sorts of damage.So Motorola has developed a “digital tattoo” that will be used to ensure that only the owner of a phone is able to unlock it. The following is how Motorola described these new digital tattoos…Made of super thin, flexible materials, based on VivaLnk’s eSkinTM technology, each digital tattoo is designed to unlock your phone with just a touch of your Moto X to the tattoo, no passwords required. The nickel-sized tattoo is adhesive, lasts for five days, and is made to stay on through showering, swimming, and vigorous activities like jogging. And it’s beautiful—with a shimmering, intricate design.It’s another step in making it easier to unlock your phone on the go and keep your personal information safe. An average user takes 2.3 seconds to unlock their phone and does this about 39 times a day—a process that some people find so inconvenient that they do not lock their phones at all. Using NFC technology, digital tattoos make it faster to safely unlock your phone anywhere without having to enter a password.And below I have posted the video that Motorola shared on YouTube about these tattoos…Pretty bizarre stuff, eh?-But others are taking cell phone security to even greater extremes.For example, some people were actually implanting themselves with microchips in anticipation of the release of the iPhone 6 on September 9th… With a wave of his left hand, Ben Slater can open his front door, turn on the lights and will soon be able to start his car. Without even a touch he can link to databases containing limitless information, including personal details such as names, addresses and health records.The digital advertising director has joined a small number of Australians who have inserted microchips into their skin to be at the cutting edge of the next stage of the evolution of technology.Slater was prompted to be implanted in anticipation of the iPhone 6 release on September 9.The conjecture among pundits and fans worldwide over what chief executive Tim Cook will reveal is building.At present the iPhone cannot read microchip implants. However, Mr Slater believes the new version will have that capability. His confidence is now lodged between his thumb and forefinger.Of course this kind of thing is not new. People have been getting implanted with microchips for years. If you doubt this, just do an Internet search for “biohackers” and see what you find.But it is starting to become more mainstream, and there are already some thinkers that are quite eager to use such technology for very authoritarian purposes.For example, one prominent philosopher recently suggested that we should use implantable microchips to prevent anyone that is “deemed unworthy” from becoming a parent…Although he admits it “sounds blatantly authoritarian” and “violates just about every core value we possess in a free society,” a noted transhumanist author has said a world government body should forcibly sterilize anyone “deemed unworthy” of parenthood by using implanted microchips. Constitutional attorney and civil liberties expert John W. Whitehead, founder of The Rutherford Institute, warned LifeSiteNews earlier this year that political officials would long to use this seminal technology.In an article for Wired.com today, philosopher Zoltan Istvan wrote that the notion first crossed his mind when he heard a blonde nurse say, “with 10,000 kids dying everyday around the world from starvation, you’d think we’d put birth control in the water.”After careful thought, in an effort to “give hundreds of millions of future kids a better life, I cautiously endorse the idea of licensing parents,” Istvan wrote today.You might be tempted to think that this is crazy talk.But the truth is that this kind of technology is already being developed. In a previous article, I quoted a news article which discussed how billionaire Bill Gates is funding the development of a birth control microchip that “acts as a contraceptive for 16 years”…Helped along by one of the world’s most notable billionaires, a U.S. firm is developing a tiny implant that acts as a contraceptive for 16 years — and can be turned on or off using a remote control.The birth control microchip, funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, would hold nearly two decades worth of a hormone commonly used in contraceptives and dispense 30 micrograms a day, according to a report from the MIT Technology Review.The new birth control, which is set to begin preclinical testing next year with hopes of putting it on shelves in 2018, can be implanted in the buttocks, upper arm or abdomen.Yes, I know that a lot of the things that I have talked about in this article sound really weird.But the reality of the matter is that technology is changing at an exponential rate, and our world is going to get crazier and crazier as time goes by.Are you ready for what comes next?
Saturday, 03 May 2014-Will Microchip Implants in Humans Become Mandatory?-Written by Selwyn Duke-NEW AMERICAN
So begins an article by writer Mac Slavo about how human-implanted microchips won’t just be popular in the future.They’ll be mandatory.Moreover, if his vision of tomorrow is correct, hardly anyone will have to be dragged kicking and screaming by jack-booted storm troopers (or robots?) into that Brave New World; rather, most people will willingly be chipped as we slouch toward Oceania.In fact, the movement is already in progress. As NewsMax’s James Hirsen recently wrote:In various places all over the world, there are individuals who open doors, start cars, and control their computers with a mere gesture of their hands or arms.They are among the first wave of people who have voluntarily allowed a miniature computer chip to be placed inside of their bodies. Most are part of a group that advocates biohacking, a concept in which activists seek to enhance the human body through the use of technology. Many biohackers also identify with a broader movement known as transhumanism. Transhumanists believe that people will ultimately be able to transform themselves through the use of technology into superior beings that possess expanded capabilities. Adherents of the movement categorize such individuals as “posthuman.”In inching toward a newly defined humanity, a small radio frequency identification chip (RFID) is being injected into an individual’s hand, wrist, or arm through use of a hypodermic needle in the same manner as a routine vaccine. The implanted microchip broadcasts an identifying number or code, which can be used for a myriad of purposes.The benefits of this technology are seductive: No more having to carry — and worry about losing — numerous credit cards and other forms of identification. No more fumbling for them when performing transactions; a wave of the hand will suffice. No more showing passports when you travel or your driver’s license to a cop. And since microchipping would facilitate a cashless society, there’d be no more worries about cash loss or theft, and it could put an end to black-market drug and other illegal transactions; identity theft could be eliminated, too (though any technology could conceivably be circumvented). And as Lain Gillespie wrote in the Sydney Morning Herald, “The implants send a unique ID number that can be used to activate devices such as phones and locks, and can link to databases containing limitless information, including personal details such as names, addresses and health records.”Gillespie also mentioned cybernetics scientist Dr. Mark Gasson of the UK’s University of Reading (UR), who made history recently: After implanting a chip in himself in 2009 to control his office’s electronic gadgets, he became the world’s first human infected with a computer virus. “The virus was replicated on the swipecards of staff accessing his building and infected the university's database,” writes Gillespie.Yet Gasson remains enthusiastic about what he characterizes as an inevitable and imminent new technological normal. He says, “It has the potential to change the very essence of what it is to be human.” He believes that microchips’ acceptance will mirror that of mobile phones and that a situation will develop wherein it “will be such a disadvantage not to have the implant that it will essentially not be optional.”But it gets even stranger. As Gillespie also wrote:Last year [2013] the line between man and machine became even more blurred, when Stanford University announced its scientists had created the first purely biological transistor that was made entirely of genetic material.Stanford assistant professor of bioengineering, Dr Drew Endy, described the breakthrough as the final component needed for a biological computer that can operate within living cells and reprogram living systems.And to some degree the future is now, with biometric technology already being used in certain wide-scale applications. As writer Michael Snyder informs us, a hand-scanning payment method is being tested in southern Sweden, biometric scanners/RFID tracking devices are already used in college dining halls and some amusement parks, and the technology is even “being used in Africa to keep track of who is being vaccinated,” he writes.But how will this transition from new and novel idea to mandatory mark of the beast? There is precedent for acceptance of such intrusion; after all, your cellphone has an RFID chip and can be used to track your every movement, and its camera can be remotely activated by authorities. And we all have Social Security numbers. But the move toward mandatory status will begin like this, writes Mac Slavo:First, the technologies will need to be generally accepted by society. It’ll start with real-time consumer based products like Google Glass. The older generations may reject it, but in a couple of years you can bet that tens of millions of kids, teens and younger adults will be roaming the streets while sporting cool shades, interactive web surfing and the capability to record everything around them and upload it to the internet instantly.Remember that young people especially like the feeling of being “with it,” on the cutting edge, and don’t want to have outdated technology any more than out-of-style clothes; they will leap to be chipped just as they snatch up the latest smart phone. And not only will the technology be convenient, but it will lend an illusion of power. With just a wave of your hand doors will open for you — literally and figuratively.“Eventually, once the concept is generally accepted by the majority, it will become our new ‘social security number,’” writes Slavo.You’ll thus need a chip to avail yourself of government services and, sooner or later, to make a purchase (again, society would no doubt become cashless).At that point circumstances may compel a person to accept an implant even if the government doesn’t. And the implications of this are grave, say many critics. For instance, University of Wollongong professor Katina Michael warns, reports Gillespie:“RFID microchips are essentially a unique ID embedded in your body, and, as we know, numbers can be stolen and data can be hacked.... They point to an uber-surveillance society that is big brother on the inside looking out. Governments or large corporations would have the ability to track people's actions and movements ... and ultimately even control them.”Also note that with the government developing the capacity to predict an individual’s behavior with computer algorithms and with science starting to create technology that can decode thoughts and intentions (mind-reading), the future looks, well, quite revelatory.So will a day come where we dare think only doubleplusgood thoughts? Will 1984 and Brave New World transition from fiction to news? Whatever the case, we can without hesitation now say something about the old Chinese curse, “May you live in interesting times”:We certainly do.
Microchips in humans inevitable: Alberta-Imagine a world where you're taken unconscious and with no identification to a hospital. The doctor scans the microchip implanted in your shoulder, downloads your medical identification number and links up with a secure network that says you're a diabetic and allergic to Tylenol.By CanWest News Service June 10, 2006
EDMONTON -- Imagine a world where you're taken unconscious and with no identification to a hospital. The doctor scans the microchip implanted in your shoulder, downloads your medical identification number and links up with a secure network that says you're a diabetic and allergic to Tylenol.Sounds ideal.In a world where more than 230 physicians in the United States have bought microchips for implantation in patients, and where a club owner in Spain offers to implant VIP chips into posh people so they don't need to carry credit cards or identification, the ethics of human microchip technology needs to be debated in Canada, says a University of Ottawa professor."This is all happening relatively quickly," said Ian Kerr, an expert in ethics, law and technology who spoke Friday at the Access and Privacy Conference in Edmonton. "I don't think we're that far off."Canada hasn't given its approval to microchips that can be implanted into humans for medical purposes. But since 2004, people in the U.S. can have $100 to $200 radio frequency microchips inserted under their skin. The rice-sized implant releases a patient-specific code when it is scanned. With that code, an authorized health-care professional can then link up to a network to find information on the patient's medications or prior treatments, similar to what might be available on Alberta's electronic health record system.In the U.S., 97 health-care facilities and 230 physicians have jumped aboard. Harvard Medical School's chief information officer had one implanted in his body. Mexico's attorney general did the same thing so that he could access secure areas in his office.For Alzheimer's patients who get lost, the technology could be particularly useful. Kerr said putting such a chip on equipment in a hospital say, a rare mobile cardiac machine also could help doctors find the machines quickly in an emergency.But already, people have been able to clone the chips. While that doesn't give them complete medical information, issues of privacy and security must be raised, Kerr said.VeriChip, the company that makes the technology, has opened offices in Vancouver and Ottawa.Wal-Mart is looking into similar technology to track inventory and microchips are already used in pets.A school near Sacramento, Calif., outraged parents when administrators made students wear identification badges outfitted with microchips. When the students walked through doors equipped with chip readers, teachers could monitor the students' whereabouts through their palm pilots."It can be in a knapsack, embedded in somebody's shoe or implanted in your shoulder," Kerr said. "It's hard to know what's around the corners with these kinds of things E Let's think a little bit about the implications before they happen because sometimes you can't put the genie back in the bottle."Kerr said it's hard to know if Canada would approve the chips for human implantation.Frank Work, Alberta's privacy commissioner, said he thinks it's inevitable."Worried or scared, you know that if there is an advantage to it, either economic or medical, someone is going to perfect it," Work said. "Someone is going to bring it to a point where it can be used in the near future."We'll do it in a well-intentioned way, wanting to look after people. But like with anything, as soon as you bring in the well-intentioned application, someone will figure out the evil application." jsinnemathejournal.canwest.com-Edmonton Journal-CanWest MediaWorks Publications Inc.
Human-implanted RFID chips-Posted in General Security on April 17, 2014
What's this?-Practice for certification success with the Skillset library of over 100,000 practice test questions. We analyze your responses and can determine when you are ready to sit for the test.1. Introduction-In 1945, Léon Theremin, a Russian inventor, invented one of the first covert listening devices, also known as “bugs.” The device was a predecessor of the Radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology. RFID technology can be defined as the wireless non-contact use of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields to transfer data with the aim to automatically identify and track tags attached to objects.At present, RFID technology is used in many industries. For example, identification badges containing RFID tags are used as anti-shoplifting technology. RFID tags attached to automobiles during the production process allow the auto producers to track the progress of the automobiles through the assembly line. RFID tags are placed on casino chips in order to detect counterfeit chips and mistakes of dealers. Cows and other livestock may carry injected RFID tags which allow the identification of the animals.This article describes RFID systems (Section 2). Afterwards, it discusses the application of human-implanted RFID chips (Section 3) as well as the security concerns related to such chips (Section 4). Next, the pros and cons of human-implanted RFID chips are examined (Section 5). Finally, a conclusion is drawn (Section 6). 2. RFID systems-The RFID systems consist of two parts, namely, transponder and detector. The transponder transfers data to the detector. The detector reads the data transferred by the transponder and/or modify the data in the transponder.The transponder is located on the object to be identified. Depending on the design of the technology, the detector can be either read or write device. The transponder normally does not have its own battery. Therefore, if the transponder is not within the response range of a detector, the transponder is passive. The energy required for the activation of the transponder comes from the detector.The size of the transponder can be the same as the size of a grain of rice. Human-implanted transponders are injected by using hypodermic injection apparatus. Despite its small size, the transponder can contain information, including, but not limited to, information about health, identity, nationality, and psychological characteristics of the person concerned 3. The application of human-implanted RFID chips-On 31st of July 1997, the United States Patent and Trademark Office granted to four inventors a patent for “Personal tracking and recovery system.” An excerpt of the abstract of the patent reads as follows.“Apparatus for tracking and recovering humans utilizes an implantable transceiver incorporating a power supply and actuation system allowing the unit to remain implanted and functional for years without maintenance.”The patented device can be used as a safeguard against kidnapping and to facilitate prompt medical dispatch in the event of heart attack or similar medical emergency. The patent was an indicator for the approaching application of human-implanted RFID chips.On 24th of August 1998, Professor Kevin Warwick became the first human being to be implanted with an RFID chip. The transponder implanted into the hands, allowed Professor Warwick to interact with “intelligent” buildings. For example, by using the transponder, he was able to open doors that previously required smart card access. He was also able to turn on lights simply by entering into the room. Professor Warwick carried the implanted device for nine days. He stated that in future experiments, the implants needs to be placed “nearer to the brain – into the spinal cord or onto the optic nerve, where there is a more powerful setup for transmitting and receiving specific complex sensory signals.”In 2002, Wired Magazine stated that Nancy Nisbet, a Canadian artist, implemented RFID chips into her hands. Ms. Nisbet purchased the chips from a veterinary clinic. The chips were normally used to identify livestock and pets. Nancy modified her computer mouse to incorporate a scanner to pick up the signals emitted by the transponder. Thus, she was able to monitor her Internet use. Nancy stated in relation to her implant, “It’s a way of connecting physical and virtual space and tracking my relationship with my computer.”In 2004, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of VeriChip, a human-implantable microchip. VeriChip was normally implanted between the shoulder and elbow area of an individual’s right arm. When scanned by a detector, VeriChip sends to the detector a unique 16-digit number. The number can be linked to information about a user stored in a database. The information in the database may include, for example, identity information and medical records. The insertion of the device is done by a physician who uses local anesthetic. The manufacture of VeriChip was stopped in 2010.It should be noted that the FDA discussed the potential risks to health associated with VeriChip. In a document published in 2004, the FDA stated as follows.“The potential risks to health associated with the device are: adverse tissue reaction; migration of implanted transponder; compromised information security; failure of implanted transponder; failure of inserter; failure of electronic scanner; electromagnetic interference; electrical hazards; magnetic resonance imaging incompatibility; and needle stick.”In 2004, the owner of a nightclub in Barcelona, Conrad Chase, started offering implanted chips in his nightclub. By using the implanted chips, the customers were able to pay for drinks. Simon Morton, BBC Science producer, implanted the transponder offered by the nightclub. In relation to the pain of the insertion, Mr. Morton said, “Having the chip inserted was a breeze, no real pain to report of.” 4. Security concerns related to the use of human-implanted RFID chips-There are two main security concerns related to the use of RFID chips, namely, the infection with computer viruses (Section 4.1) and cloning (Section 4.2). These two security concerns are examined in more detail below. 4.1 Infection with computer viruses-If infected by computer viruses, implanted RFID transponders may affect the detectors who receive information from the infected transponders. In this regard, it is worth mentioning an experiment conducted by Dr. Mark Gasson, a senior research fellow at University of Reading.Dr. Gasson inserted a RFID chip under the skin between his thumb and first finger. Then, he intentionally infected the implanted chip with a computer virus. When he used the transponder to gain access to secure building, the virus was transferred and corrupted the computer system of the secure building. Then, any other device trying to access the computer system of the secure building was potentially at risk of being infected with the virus.It should be noted that transponders could be easily infected with computer viruses by detectors containing such viruses. For example, in one of his experiments, Dr. Gasson infected with a virus a computer system securing building access using smart card or RFID devices. Subsequently, the computer system was able to transfer the virus to transponders. 4.2 Cloning of RFID chips-In 2006, Jonathan Westhues published an article in which he explained how he cloned a VeriChip. In particular, Mr. Westhues used a hand-held device using batteries to clone the information stored on a VeriChip transponder. The device needs to be put close to the person with the implanted transponder. The cloning process lasts a couple of seconds.Mr. Westhues stated that VeriChip is built with no attempt at security, and, therefore, is not very difficult to clone. Mr. Westhues further pointed out that the biggest security feature of VeriChip is the very short read range of the detector, which is restricted by the tiny antenna. The risk of cloning is very low as long as the user of VeriChip stays at least a foot away from unsecured person or objects. 5. The pros and cons of human-implanted RFID chips-The supporters of human-implanted RFID chips believe that such chips will allow the governments to locate fugitives, witnesses of crimes, and missing persons. The authorities of Indonesia’s province Irian Jaya even discussed the use of implanted RFID chips for the monitoring of persons infected with HIV. Such a monitoring will allow the authorities to act in case that some of the monitored people conducts activities that may lead to infection of other people. Probably because the existing human-implanted RFID chips do not allow GPS tracking, the authorities of Irian Jaya did not adopt legal provisions concerning the use of RFID chips. However, in the future GPS implants can be created. The appearance of such implants may renew the discussions concerning tracking of HIV-infected people.The opponents of human-implanted RFID chips argue that such chips are associated with security risks, cause health problems, contradict to religious doctrines, and may be forcefully implemented in employees. The security risks of such devices have been already discussed in this article. In relation to health problems, the aforementioned paragraph from a document of FDA clearly indicates the risks for the health caused by RFID chips. Moreover, the opponents state that the use of human-implanted RFID chips may lead to cancer. These allegations are based on scientific studies carried out from 1996 to 2006. The studies found that lab mice and rats injected with microchips sometimes developed cancerous tumors around the microchips.In relation to the religious doctrines, many Christians believe that the implantation of chips may be fulfillment of the prophecy of the mark of the beast mentioned in the Book of Revelation of the New Testament. The Book of Revelation states that the devil will force “all people, great and small, rich and poor, free and slave, to receive a mark on their right hands or on their foreheads, so that they could not buy or sell unless they had the mark, which is the name of the beast or the number of its name.” It is also worth mentioning that, according to the Islam, body modifications constitute “haram,” an Arabic term meaning “forbidden.” This is because such modifications involve changing the body, a creation of Allah.Pertaining to the forceful implantation of RFID chips, it should be pointed out that, in June 2004, a former attorney general in Mexico required eighteen employees to implement chips allowing them to access a sensitive records room. In order to prevent employers from requiring their employees to implement RFID chips, several U.S. States adopted laws prohibiting forced microchip implants in humans. These states include Wisconsin, North Dakota, California, Georgia, and Virginia. 6. Conclusion-The convergence of various scientific fields, such as artificial intelligence, biotechnology, cognitive science, information technology, and robotics will probably increase the application of human-implanted microchips, including RFID chips. The new human-implanted microchips will provide people with opportunities for new business and social interactions. However, they will introduce challenging legal, security, medical, ethical, and religious questions. In order to avoid unexpected surprises, individuals wishing to implant RFID chips need to evaluate carefully the various implications of such chips.
References
Albrecht, K., “The Spychips Threat: Why Christians Should Resist RFID and Electronic Surveillance“, Thomas Nelson Inc., 2006.
“Barcelona clubbers get chipped”, BBC News, 29 September 2004. Available on http://ift.tt/1vxAB2N .
Gasson, M., Kosta, E., Bowman, D., “Human ICT Implants: Technical, Legal and Ethical Considerations“, Springer, 16 June 2012.
Jones, E. and Chung, C., “RFID in Logistics: A Practical Introduction“, CRC Press, 2007.
Kassner, M., “The convergence of biological and computer viruses”, TechRepublic, 8 November 2012.
Kitsos, P., Zhang, Y., “RFID Security: Techniques, Protocols and System-On-Chip Design“, Springer, 2008.
Kumar, V., “Implantable RFID Chips: Security versus Ethics”, in: The Future of Identity in the Information Society: Proceedings of the Third IFIP WG 9.2, 9.6/11.6, 11.7/FIDIS International Summer School on the Future of Identity in the Information Society, Karlstad University, Sweden, August 4-10, 2007.
Masters, A., and Michael, K., “Humancentric applications of RFID implants: the usability contexts of control, convenience and care”, University of Wollongong, 2005.
Michael, M. and Michael, K., “Uberveillance and the Social Implications of Microchip Implants: Emerging Technologies“, IGI Global, 2014.
Rengel, A., “Privacy in the 21st Century,” Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 4th October 2013.
Pitt, J., “This Pervasive Day: The Potential and Perils of Pervasive Computing“, World Scientific, 2012.
Scheeres, J., “New Body Art: Chip Implants”, Wired, 03.11.2002.
Warwick, K., “Cyborg 1.0,” Wired, Issue 8.02, February 2000. Available on http://ift.tt/1KrR6Um .
Westhues, J., “Demo: Cloning a Verichip”, Blog, 2006. Available on http://ift.tt/1F4FUXD .
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